Quick Facts
| Chinese/U.S. Designation | JL-3 |
| Role and Mobility | Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) |
| Designer/Production | People’s Republic of China |
| Range | 10,000 kilometers |
| Warhead Type and Weight | Nuclear, 250-1000 kt warhead |
| MIRV and Yield | MIRV Capabilities; Unknown |
| Guidance System/Accuracy | Astro-internal, BeiDou navigation system / 100m CEP |
| Stages/Propellant | Unknown, Solid |
| IOC/Retirement | 2023 |
| Status/Number of Units | In Service, Unknown |
Overview
The JL-3 is the PLAN’s most advanced, third-generation submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), to be carried by its Type 096 SSBN submarines, which are currently believed to be under construction. Each Type 096 would be able to carry 12.
The JL-3 was first tested in November 2018, with several other tests later on. The current iteration has an estimated range of 10,000 kilometers, allowing it to hit the U.S. from waters off China’s coast. This is a significant change over the older JL-2s, which have a range of 7,200km. Due to the lack of Type 096s, the JL-3s are being carried by the PLAN’s six Jin-class SSBNs.
Strategic Implications
According to the DoD’s 2020 CMPR, PLAN’s six Jin-class SSBNs are beginning to conduct continuous at-sea deterrence patrols for the first time. This represents China’s first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent. China now has all three legs of the nuclear triad. Additionally, the range of the JL-3, which allows for submarines to be able to strike targets in the U.S. while in safe waters close to China is worrying.
