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On January 27, 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued an executive order directing the Department of Defense to develop and implement a homeland missile defense architecture to defend against “ballistic, hypersonic, advanced cruise missiles, and other next-generation aerial attacks from peer, near-peer, and rogue adversaries.”1 On May 20, 2025, President Trump asserted that this “Golden Dome for America” concept would cost $175 billion, and be completed by the end of his term.2 Other cost and timeline estimates have exceeded those of President Trump.3 The Golden Dome concept and the Trump Administration’s approach to homeland missile defense introduces several potential oversight and funding issues for Congress.
